Careers in STEM: A Comprehensive Guide
STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education is crucial for students to succeed in today's fast-paced world. It equips them with the technical knowledge and skills necessary for success.
Singaporean leaders have continually emphasised the importance of STEM education. The government has taken numerous steps to grow the biomedical sciences, energy and chemicals, and engineering industries since the establishment of the Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) in 1991. Similarly, Biopolis and Fusionopolis were set up in 2003 and 2008, respectively, as R&D hubs. Biopolis focuses on R&D in the biomedical sciences. Fusionopolis is a hub for bright minds in the information and communications technology (ICT), media, physical sciences, and engineering sectors.
These efforts underscore the significance of STEM education in preparing individuals for a wide array of professions, including roles in technology, mathematics, education, research, healthcare, finance, and many others.
This guide discusses why STEM education is important and what kinds of jobs you can have if you take this path. Here's what we'll cover:
What is STEM?
STEM refers to the fields of science, technology, education, and mathematics. The U.S. National Science Foundation coined this term in 2001. It represents more than just subjects. It is a mindset that equips individuals with the tools to comprehend the world and tackle its pressing challenges.
In today's dynamic job market, STEM graduates enjoy numerous lucrative career opportunities. These include roles in artificial intelligence, data analysis, computer programming, and quantum mechanics.
The field of environmental science is experiencing growth, offering opportunities in science writing and clinical laboratories. Additionally, the increasing prevalence of cyber threats has created a demand for cybersecurity specialists to protect online systems.
Engineering careers are prevalent in marine engineering firms, oil and gas companies, and research institutes. Mathematics graduates can pursue paths as data scientists or explore roles in risk analysis, statistics, and numerical data. They can also transition to positions in accounting firms, banks, or gaming companies.
Careers in STEM
Here are several career options you can pursue with a STEM-based education:
Chemist
Chemists are scientists who study chemicals and their interactions. They conduct experiments and analyse data using specialised equipment while adhering to safety protocols to prevent accidents.
Individuals can pursue a bachelor's degree in chemistry from local institutions such as the National University of Singapore (NUS) or Nanyang Technological University (NTU). These programs provide training in the latest laboratory techniques and modern scientific instruments.
Chemistry graduates in Singapore have opportunities in various industries, including healthcare, consumer goods, fragrance, petrochemicals, and food and beverage. They can also find employment at research institutes, educational institutions, and government agencies such as the Health Sciences Authority (HSA). Advanced roles in teaching or research may require a master's degree or a PhD.
The average salary for chemists in the country is typically around $3,550 per month.
Web developer
Web developers build and manage websites using coding languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Collaborating with designers, project managers, and clients, web developers analyse requirements, develop ideas, and design solutions.
One can pursue job opportunities with a polytechnic diploma in web development. However, having a bachelor's or master's degree in computer science or a related field provides a competitive edge.
Alternatively, individuals with degrees in other fields can opt for a graduate diploma or professional certificate in web development, available at various institutions across Singapore.
The average monthly salary for web developers in Singapore is $3,800. With Singapore's rapidly growing digital economy and increasing reliance on digital technology and e-commerce, the demand for skilled web developers is rising.
Web developers typically work in an office setting but may also have hybrid or remote work arrangements. Some may choose to work freelance and collaborate directly with clients.
Computer systems administrator
Computer systems administrators manage computer networks, servers, and other IT infrastructure. They also maintain data security, implement new technologies, and provide technical support. These professionals typically collaborate with cross-functional teams to understand client requirements and design solutions accordingly.
Many employers in Singapore require computer systems administrators to have a diploma or a bachelor's degree in computer science, information systems, computer engineering, or a related field.
Additionally, obtaining a master’s degree or professional certifications like CompTIA Network+ and Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) can enhance prospects and show expertise in IT administration.
In Singapore, computer systems administrators earn an average monthly salary of $4,050 per month. They have opportunities to work in various sectors, including IT service providers, government agencies, healthcare, and finance.
Computer systems analyst
Computer systems analysts are professionals who design and improve computer systems within organisations. They analyse current systems, gather requirements, and propose solutions to enhance efficiency, productivity, and overall performance.
Individuals can pursue bachelor's and master's degree programs in computer science, data science and information technology, or related fields. Those without an IT background can consider diploma courses offered by various universities. For example, the Graduate Diploma in Systems Analysis (GDipSA) is a one-year course offered by NUS.
Additionally, obtaining professional certifications like Certified Business Analysis Professional (CBAP) or Certified Systems Analyst (CSA) can enhance qualifications and demonstrate expertise in specific areas of system design and analysis.
Computer systems analysts can find work in diverse settings. These include government offices, international companies, banks, hospitals, schools, and other educational organisations. They collaborate with professionals from different areas to identify needs, assess existing setups, and propose solutions aligned with organisational goals.
Typical monthly salaries for these professionals average around $5,450. However, this figure can vary based on factors such as experience, qualifications, and industry standards.
Civil engineer
Civil engineers in Singapore design, build and maintain infrastructure projects, such as buildings, bridges, and roads. They specialise in areas like structural, transportation, and environmental engineering. Their job involves evaluating sites, making cost estimates, creating plans, and supervising construction activities.
Civil engineers work closely with government agencies, private companies, and diverse teams. They devise cost-effective solutions that enhance accessibility, communication, and economic growth while ensuring safety measures across the country.
In Singapore, aspiring civil engineers must earn a four-year civil engineering degree from an educational institution approved by the Professional Engineers Board (PEB). To register as a professional civil engineer, they must pass two exams and attend an interview administered by the PEB. Qualifying for the exams requires four years of relevant practical experience in the field.
With initiatives like the Green Plan 2030, the ongoing construction of new MRT lines, and Built-To-Order (BTO) housing, there is a strong demand and positive job outlook for civil engineers in Singapore. On average, civil engineers in Singapore earn a monthly salary of approximately $4500, making civil engineering a rewarding career path in the country.
Software Developer
A software developer is a professional who creates and maintains software applications. They use programming languages like Java, Python, or C++ to design and implement software solutions. By collaborating with team members, these professionals ensure the software meets quality standards. They may specialise in areas like web development, mobile app development, or data analysis.
To become a software developer in Singapore, one needs a bachelor's degree. This could be in computer science, computer engineering, information technology, or a related field. Entry-level candidates in Singapore earn around $5,300 per month. However, as experience and qualifications increase, salaries can also rise accordingly.
Although entry-level positions typically require only a bachelor's degree, higher qualifications, like a master's degree, can improve one's prospects in the job market. Additionally, relevant work experience, internships, and a strong portfolio significantly add to this.
With the advancement of technology, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, the job outlook for software developers in Singapore is promising. They can work in various environments, such as software development companies, IT departments, or freelance.
Conclusion
There are several reasons to consider choosing a career in STEM. STEM jobs let you work with new technologies and contribute to progress. If you enjoy critical thinking, problem-solving, and technology, a STEM-related career might be just for you.
A STEM career can also give you job security and a good salary. You can have a stable and satisfying job since there's a high demand for skilled STEM professionals in a broad range of areas.
STEM can be an exciting and rewarding career path that matches your skills and interests. It's worth exploring your options and starting an exciting opportunity in STEM.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions about careers in STEM:
- What education is required for STEM jobs?
The education you need depends on the career you want to pursue. Suppose you want to work in computer systems administration. In this case, you need to have at least a bachelor's degree in a relevant STEM field, such as:
computer science
information technology
computer engineering
With a degree, you have the necessary technical skills and knowledge to do well in STEM jobs. Depending on your interest, some positions may require extra certifications or advanced degrees. Research the roles that interest you to ensure you have, or can gain, the right qualifications. - What are the most popular STEM career fields?
These are some of the most popular STEM career fields:
software development and computer programming
data science and analytics
engineering
IT and network administration
biotechnology and biomedical engineering
environmental science and conservation
cybersecurity
Remember that the popularity of STEM jobs can change depending on your location, industry growth, and new technologies. - What skills are important for success in STEM careers?
Success in the STEM field requires a combination of skills. Here are some important skills to develop:
curiosity
problem-solving
creativity
analytical skills
attention to detail
communication
teamwork
adaptability
mathematics
persistence
